New Costs Will Emerge

From the excellent 2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years by Jorgen Randers.

Over the next forty years global society will need extra investment money to:

• Develop and implement substitutes for scarce resources like conventional oil and gas and phosphorus.
• Develop and implement solutions for dangerous emissions like CFCs, SO2, NOX, and climate gases.
• Replace ecological services that formerly were free, such as water from glaciers, or underground water for agriculture, or fish protein.
• Repair accumulated damage from past human activity, which could include decommissioning nuclear power plants or removing offshore installation.
• Rebuild real estate and infrastructure destroyed by extreme weather, and compensate for a shorter average lifetime for infrastructure.
• Maintain armed forces to fight off immigration, defend resource supplies, and provide manpower during more frequent emergencies.